Androgen Responses during Physical Exercise

Physical exercise during puberty

Proper understanding of age and sex particularities in the growing generation is of the greatest importance for a correct physical education curriculum, both as regards training and scientific approach. In our days, no pedagogue or scientist questions the value of physical education in the upbringing of our youth. Only a few people here and there talk of ‘sparing the children, particularly at p...

Heart Rate Variability During Physical Exercise

Heart rate variability (HRV) is the present oscillation of the heart rate. The interest in HRV as a parameter of the parasympathetic and sympathetic influence of the autonomic nervous system on the heart has increased in the last few decades (Kaikkonen et al., 2007). It is known that its influence changes under different conditions such as rest, exercise or mental stress and different body post...

Musical Agency during Physical Exercise Decreases Pain

Objectives: When physical exercise is systematically coupled to music production, exercisers experience improvements in mood, reductions in perceived effort, and enhanced muscular efficiency. The physiology underlying these positive effects remains unknown. Here we approached the investigation of how such musical agency may stimulate the release of endogenous opioids indirectly with a pain thre...

Neurohumoral responses during prolonged exercise in humans.

This study examined neurohumoral alterations during prolonged exercise with and without hyperthermia. The cerebral oxygen-to-carbohydrate uptake ratio (O2/CHO = arteriovenous oxygen difference divided by arteriovenous glucose difference plus one-half lactate), the cerebral balances of dopamine, and the metabolic precursor of serotonin, tryptophan, were evaluated in eight endurance-trained subje...

Acute and Chronic Testosterone Responses to Physical Exercise and Training